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EEE Components, PASSIVES

Induction Heating and Induction Heating Capacitors

  • Posted by Tomáš Zedníček
  • On May 30, 2020
  • 0

Induction heating occurs when an electrically conducting material is placed within a varying magnetic field. The heating is due to eddy-current losses within the material (in magnetic materials such as iron, some heat is also generated by hysteresis losses). Let’s have a look at needs for capacitors in this application field.

An important aspect of the process is that the heat is generated by the material itself without the need for an external radiant heat source. This means that induction heating is clean and fast. It also highly repetitive; once the equipment has been set up, part after part can be heated with identical results.

Induction heating finds applications in many industries for heat treating activities such as annealing, forging, welding, brazing, curing and sealing.

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Induction Heating Industries and Applications

Induction heating is a natural fit for automated production lines and, because magnetic fields can permeate glass and similar materials, it works in controlled environments.

Some of the industries that use induction heating in a big way are:

  • The automotive industry for treating bearings, brakes, drive trains, gears joints, and shafts. Frames, seats, bumpers, and steering wheels are also heat treated.
  • The bus and truck industry for similar, albeit physically larger, applications and the ship-building industry for larger still; It is also used for repairing and reshaping damaged hulls. The commercial and recreational marine engine industry uses induction heating processes in production.
  • The sports and fitness industry for golf clubs, goal posts, and exercise equipment.
  • The wind-turbine industry for gear-handling systems.
  • The aeronautics and aerospace industries for heat treating components and producing special alloys.
  • The oil and mining industries for pipe and tool manufacture.
  • The railroad industry for an array of locomotive parts.
  • The commercial, residential and industrial construction industries for the production of structural sections.

Induction Heating Equipment

The design and manufacture of induction heating equipment is a major industry in itself, and machine types are many and varied.

Some types are:

  • large industrial heat treatment and processing systems
  • mobile heat generators
  • solid-state welders
  • modular forging systems
  • custom configurations

Induction Heating Capacitors

The three main constituents of an induction heating machine are the working coil, the power supply, and the tank circuit. The working coil generates the electromagnetic field that produces the heat, the power supply converts the line signal to alternating current and delivers it to the work ahead, and the tank circuit generates the operating frequency.

Capacitor designs suitable for use in induction heating equipment include:

  • water-cooled plastic film
  • ceramic capacitors

The suitable capacitors are developed in order to have minimized internal losses thus it can work in electric circuits with high frequencies, by very high current and high working voltage. Fluid cooling capacitors can achieve quite high working rated power, in a range from hundreds of kVA to few MVA.

The internal losses are the reason for the rise of the heat which have to be removed. This heat could cause the destruction of the capacitor if the heat removal is not sufficient. A permissible temperature rise of the capacitor effected by the power dissipation also depends on the ambient temperature that needs to be considered during design-in. See right Fig.

Portfolio
Permissible temperature rise of induction heating capacitors example, source-es-ostrava

By the application of the capacitor is useful to make energetic balance and choose appropriate cooling of the capacitor.

Capacitors for induction heating machine tank circuits are an important market for some capacitor manufacturers.

Manufacturers such as Alcon Electronics, Dacpol, Celem, Illinois Capacitor, Iskra, ZEZ-SILKO,  produce conduction or water cooled plastic film capacitors primarily for the induction heating market, while many high RF power water-cooled ceramic capacitors from manufacturers such ES-Ostrava, High Energy Corp. and Vishay are well suited to the task.

featured image: induction heating capacitor range example up to 5 000kVA; image credit: ZEZ-SILKO.

  • Author
  • Recent Posts
Tomáš Zedníček
Tomáš Zedníček
Founder & President of  the EUROPEAN PASSIVE COMPONENTS INSTITUTE (EPCI)
EPCI | Bringing Passive Professionals Together

Electrotechnology Degree by Technical University of Brno, the Czech Republic in 1993
Ph.D. in Tantalum Capacitors in 2000
> 21 years working for tantalum capacitor manufacturer
> 15 years in a position of Worldwide Technical Marketing Manager
more than 60 technical papers and 1 US/international patent
4 outstanding/best award technical papers at CARTS passive component conference
2005 Dr. Zandman award for a great contribution to the passive component industry
Lecturer of capacitor technologies, presentation skills, and inter-culture communication
July 2015 – Founder of the European Passive Components Institute
Tomáš Zedníček
Latest posts by Tomáš Zedníček (see all)
  • Why low ESR matters in capacitor design - May 24, 2021
  • Voltage and Frequency Dependence on Resistors - March 6, 2021
  • Permeability concept in Inductors - March 4, 2021
TAGS: CAPACITOR EDDY CURRENT Capacitors Ceramic Film Capacitors

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